Product Description

Plaintiffs alleged in publicly filed U.S. asbestos personal-injury and wrongful-death litigation that Continental Diamond Fibre Company (Newark, Delaware) manufactured an asbestos-reinforced vulcanized fiber sheet as a companion product to its better-known phenolic-laminate line. Vulcanized fiber — a rigid sheet material produced by treating cellulose (typically cotton rag paper) with concentrated zinc chloride, then washing, laminating, and pressing — was one of the original industrial insulation-sheet materials, in continuous U.S. production from the 1870s. CDF was one of the two founding U.S. vulcanized-fiber majors alongside National Vulcanized Fibre (NVF).

CDF allegedly produced heat-service grades of vulcanized fiber sheet in which asbestos fiber was incorporated as an additional reinforcing filler, extending the dielectric, mechanical, and heat-service performance of the base cellulose sheet. The resulting asbestos-vulcanized-fiber sheet was allegedly supplied to U.S. electrical-equipment manufacturers for die-cut washers, arc barriers, terminal insulators, transformer coil-form insulation, motor-slot insulation, switchgear barrier panels, and industrial gaskets.

Asbestos Content

Plaintiffs alleged in publicly filed litigation that CDF asbestos vulcanized fiber sheet was manufactured with asbestos as an intentional additive to the vulcanized-cellulose matrix — not an incidental contaminant. The asbestos contributed heat resistance, dielectric performance, and dimensional stability beyond what unfilled cellulose vulcanized fiber could achieve.

Once pressed and dried, vulcanized fiber sheet encapsulates the fiber within a rigid cellulose-zinc-chloride matrix. However, the bonded state of fibers in the finished sheet does not eliminate exposure risk. Asbestos fibers become releasable whenever the sheet is sawed, sheared, drilled, punched, ground, sanded, filed, or machined during fabrication of washers, gaskets, and insulator blanks.

Workers Exposed

Litigation records allegedly document that industrial workers encountered CDF asbestos vulcanized fiber sheet at multiple stages — from stock handling through finished-part fabrication:

  • Stock receiving and handling — moving sheet stock through the plant
  • Sawing, shearing, and blanking — cutting vulcanized fiber sheet to finished dimensions releases visible dust
  • Punching and die-cutting — every washer, gasket, and insulator blank punched from a sheet releases fiber
  • Drilling, routing, and edge-finishing — every hole, cutout, and edge dress releases respirable dust
  • Grinding and sanding — finishing operations produce the finest respirable fraction
  • Assembly and installation — fitting washers, barriers, and insulators during transformer and switchgear build-up